Dielectric Relaxation Studies Between Brompheniramine with 1-Butanol, 1-Pentanol and 1-Hexanol at 303K

Sampandam Elangovan^*, Tilahun Diriba Garbi and Senbeto Kena Etana

Department of Physics, College of Natural and Computational Science, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia-395

Corresponding Author E-mail: elangovan.physics@rediffmail.com

DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/msri/170305

ABSTRACT:

Dielectric parameters such as the dielectric constant (є^’), dielectric loss (є^’’), static dielectric constant (є₀), dielectric constant at an optical frequency (є_∞), dielectric relaxation time(τ), change in activation free energies (ΔFτ, ΔFη) of brompheniramine with 1-butanol, 1-pentanol and 1-hexanol are determined for the various concentrations at 303K. The dielectric relaxation time (τ) is determined by Higasi and Cole-Cole method. The static dielectric constant (є₀) and relaxation time (τ) are decreased with increasing the concentration of brompheniramine in the selected 1-alcohol systems. The dielectric relaxation time (τ) increased with an increase in the chain length of the 1-alcohols. The results confirm that the intermolecular interaction depends upon the carbon chain length of the alcohols. The strength of the interaction between brompheniramine with 1- alcohols  is 1-butanol < 1-pentanol <1-hexanol.

KEYWORDS: Brompheniramine; Dielectric Relaxation; 1-Butanol; 1-Hexanol; 1-Pentanol

Copy the following to cite this article: Elangovan S, Garbi T. D, Etana S. K. Dielectric Relaxation Studies Between Brompheniramine with 1-Butanol, 1-Pentanol and 1-Hexanol at 303K. Mat. Sci. Res. India; 17(3).

Copy the following to cite this URL: Elangovan S, Garbi T. D, Etana S. K. Dielectric Relaxation Studies Between Brompheniramine with 1-Butanol, 1-Pentanol and 1-Hexanol at 303K. Mat. Sci. Res. India; 17(3). Available from: https://bit.ly/3ruQLdh

Introduction

The dielectric relaxation studies are  vital in analyzing the strength of the inter molecular interaction between the binary liquid systems [1-4]. Jyostna et al. [5] reported thermodynamic parameters of isoamyl alcohols and mono clinic aromatic liquid mixtures. Shakila et al. [6] studied the dielectric properties of aromatic alcohols and aliphatic amines at different temperatures. In general, dielectric relaxation time varies with the inter molecular forces acting between the molecules in the selected liquid mixtures. Brompheniramine is one of the critical compounds of an amine group with spectacular applications, including pharmaceutical industries [7]. Higher carbon chain length alcohols are having self associated and proton donating ability in the liquid mixtures. The variations in the dielectric constant (є^’), dielectric loss (є^’’), static dielectric constant (є₀) and the dielectric constant at an optical frequency (є_∞) with a range of brompheniramine concentrations with 1-butanol,1-pentanol and 1-hexanol systems are useful in the applied research and chemical industries. Moreover, the variations in the dielectric constant and dielectric relaxation time should be useful in the analysis of intermolecular interaction between the functional group of the selected liquid mixtures. This research work  attempts to analyse the intermolecular interaction between the brompheniramine and 1-butanol,1-pentanol and 1-hexanol at 303K using time domain reflectometry techniques. 

Materials and Methods

Brompheniramine and alcohols (Purity 99%,  AR grade) were procured from E-Merck India. Furthermore, these chemicals were purified by adopting the double distillation method under reduced pressure [8]. Airtight sample bottles were used to keep the samples, to avoid any moisture . In order to validate the purity of the samples, density and viscosity were determined and compared with the available literature [9,10] as listed in Table 1. The dielectric constant (ε^’) and dielectric loss (ε^’’) have been measured using an X-band microwave frequency oscillator of frequency 9.36 GHz at 303K. Ostwald’s viscometer was used to determine the viscosity of the liquid mixture. The specific gravity bottle (5cc) was used to measure the density of the liquid system.

Theory

Higasi’s method [11] was used to determine the dielectric relaxation time (τ) of the liquid mixtures. Here, the static dielectric constant (є₀), dielectric constant (є^’), dielectric loss (є^’’), and the dielectric constant at high frequency 10¹⁵Hz were determined by using the following relations. The slopes a_0, a^’, a^’’ and a_∞  were calculated from the observed data. 

       

Here (τ) is the mean dielectric relaxation time. Eyring’s equation [12] was used to calculate dielectric relaxation ΔF _τ and viscous flow ΔF _η                               

  

Where h is Planck’s constant, k is Boltzmann constant, N is Avogadro number and V is the molar volume. The measured values of ε_0, ε,^’ ε^’’ and ε_∞ are fitted in a complex plane plot with depressing circular arc.

(ωτ)^1-α =  V/U                                                                (10)

 Where ω is the angular frequency and α can be determined by using Cole-Cole plot.     

Results and Discussion

Various physicochemical parameters of brompheniramine with 1-butanol,1-pentanol,1-hexanol are determined at 303K and listed in Table 1. The density of the liquid mixture increases with increasing the concentrations of brompheniramine. Furthermore, density increased with the carbon chain length of the alcohols due to the formation of more compact dipoles in the given volume of the liquid system. The same trend is observed in the viscosity of the solution as listed in Table 1. The increasing trend of density with increasing carbon chain length of alcohols in brompheniramine medium is as shown in Figure 1. It may due to the dispersive forces acting between the selected liquid system [13-15].  In general, the dielectric relaxation time is influenced by the shape and size of the rotational and vibrational characteristics of the dipoles present in the liquid mixtures [16-18]. 

Table 1: Physical properties of the pure liquids at T =303K

S.No	Liquid	Density ( ρ ) kgm-3		Viscosity ( η ) ×10-3 Nm-2s		Reference
		Expt	Lit	Expt	Lit
1	Brompheniramine	1213	1212	2.3297	2.3254	[9]
2	1-butanol	806	804	1.162	1.150	[10]
3	1-pentanol	808	807	2.813	2.766	[10]
4	1-hexanol	809	810	3.498	3.513	[10]

Figure 1: Variation in density of brompheniramine with 1-alcohols at 303K

Click on image to enlarge

 The dielectric relaxation time (τ)  decreases with increasing the concentrations of brompheniramine, as shown in Figure 2. However, the dielectric relaxation time decreased upto a certain percentage (40%) of brompheniramine then almost saturated. It signifies that the 1:1 complex formation in the binary system. Further, the dielectric parameters (ε_0, ε,^’ ε^’’ and ε_∞) are decreased with increasing the brompheniramine concentrations as listed in Table 2. This trend suggested that the formation of more dipoles in the liquid mixtures. This result is in accordance with the methylacrylate with 1-alcohol system, which has been reported by Dharmalingam et al. [19].

Table 2: Various parameters of brompheniramine with alcohols at 303K

Click on image to enlarge

Conclusion

Several physicochemical properties of brompheniramine and 1-butanol, 1-pentanol and 1-hexanol are analysed at 303K. The significant changes in the dielectric relaxation time suggested that the existence of intermolecular interaction between the amine and hydroxyl group present in the systems.  The considerable variations in the various parameters suggested that the intermolecular interaction between brompheniramine and 1-alcohols is in the order of 1-butanol<1-pentanol<1-hexanol. This result leads to analyse the further interactions of the brompheniramine with 2-alcohols and alkoxy alcholols for the benefit of the  applied research to study the  intermolecular intermolecular interactions among the liquid mixtures

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