Introduction Polymorphism (Greek: poly = many, morph =form),which specifies the diversity existing in nature, is a term used in many disciplines [1]. The role of structural diversity emanates in almost every aspect in nature and the field of material sciences is no exception. Structural chemistry and crystal polymorphism is one such manifestation of that diversity. Polymorphism is a rapidly growing …

Introduction Thermal management problem had increased for the demand in the design of a better quality of the thermal issues. Thermal interface material is one of the solutions to solve the problem and it is designed to fill in the air gap and irregularities for better heat management and increase the performance of the device [1-3]. Without the thermal interface …

Introduction Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a piezoelectric, dielectric and transparent oxide semiconductor, with a direct band gap of 3.37eV at room temperature and a large excitation binding energy (60 meV), which is 2.4 times the effective thermal energy (25meV) at room temperature [1]. As in most II-VI materials, the bonding in ZnO is largely ionic, which explains its strong piezoelectricity. …

INTRODUCTION Light emitting diodes (LEDs) is the device that has higher competition in the industry and one of the promising devices. It is an alternative lighting that reduces the energy consumption and maintenance cost for commercial and residential installations[1-3]. However,the overheating of this device due to higher input current cause major problem. Thermal management is an important part in the …

Introduction Magnetic materials play a crucial role in our everyday life. Permanent magnets produced from hard magnetic materials are found in home appliances such as TVs, audio systems, computers, phones, speakers, etc. The number of permanent magnets in our vehicles, for example, had grown in the recent years with the increasing demand for additional motors required for applications in starters …

Introduction Any unimolecular gas- phase reaction can in general be represented by the equation A → Products This reaction occurs through the followingsteps A + A ↔ A* +A A* → Products where:A represents inactive and A* activated molecules. The equilibrium constant for the formation of active molecules is given by the expression K *= e -ΔG*/RT = n*n / …

Introduction Axial Fan designers are frequently faced with the problem of designing high-efficiency fans at a given flow rate and for a given pressure duty. Design techniques are typically based on engineering experience, and may involve much trial and error before an acceptable design is found. An axial flow fan stage consists of a rotor made up a number of …