Introduction W-Cu electrical contact materials are widely used as make/break and arcing contacts for equipping low, medium and high voltage switching devices such as power switches and circuit breakers. They operate in various arc quenching media, from which most common ones are vacuum, mineral oil and  sulphur hexaflorure (SF6) gas.1-8 W-Cu contacts can be manufactured only by powder metallurgy (PM) …

Introduction In the face of global warming, carbon pollution, fossil fuel decline hydrogen fuel cell is an exciting new platform to cope up with both fuel and environmental issues.1,2 In the modern world, there is a huge demand for hydrogen fuel in the industries. Hydrogen gas can be produced from fossil fuel (coal, gas, petroleum etc.) or renewable energy sources (solar, …

Introduction Mechanical property is one that represents the ability to accept loads/forces/energy. The mechanical properties of materials reflect the relationship between the load/force/energy received, and the reaction has given or the deformation that will occur. Therefore, the mechanical properties of materials are very important known because it will affect the quality of materials in accepting the force. Mechanical properties material …

Introduction Ultrasonic techniques are taking a vital role in the studies about molecular interactions between the solute and solvent systems at various temperatures.1-3 The variations in the ultrasonic velocity with the density and viscosity of the solutions in a range of concentrations and temperatures of the liquid systems are useful to analyse various kinds of intermolecular forces acting on the …

Introduction In the past few years, research on indanones and related compounds has been explored and they are found to exert an expansive range of biological properties.1-12 Importantly, they are the exceptionally valuable synthetic equivalents for the synthesis of wide variety of organic compounds having an excellent biologic profile.13-16 Many bioactive natural products are indanone based molecules. Some noticeable examples …

Introduction The specific characteristics features of metal nanoparticles participate in the field of energy, optics along with biomedicine as well as disaster management with other health care issues.1 Among the various nanoparticles like Ag, Au, Pt, and Pd, etc. are their broad range of applications like antibacterial agent, photocatalyst in a photocatalytic reaction as well as a biosensor technology. Generally, …

Introduction The family of bismuth oxides has been discovered by Aurivillius and the properties are found to be interest for applications as temperature stable piezo ferroelectrics. Bismuth layered crystal structures have been studied in details since majority of them have normal ferroelectrics with fairly high Curie temperature. Barium bismuth titanate is an aurivillus based ceramic compound which consists of n …

Introduction In the domain of civil engineering, the structural failure of concrete, an indispensable constituent when it comes to construction design, remains a pertinent issue.1 Often, the strength and integrity of the internal structure of concrete is diminished by cracks of various nature that tend to propagate and augment with time.  Contaminant ingress like rapid chloride penetration and infiltration of …

Introduction Materials and Device manufacture at industrial level is low in some countries like India, compared to their basic research achievement and such commercialization level in few other countries like Japan and China. This results in huge imports of critical items (like sensors & actuators, chips and special polymers) and common commodities (like ink cartridges, piezoelectric generators in gadgets and …

Introduction Chalcones are open chain compounds that are considered as pathway to naturally occurring compounds flavonoids and isoflavonoids. Many chalcones and their hybrid derivatives are synthesized in last two decades.1-5 Both natural and synthetic versions of chalcones display enormous applications in pharmacological field.6-10 Structurally, chalcones are 1,3-diaryl-2-propen-1-ones and exist as cis and trans forms; latter being thermodynamically more stable is …

Introduction The rising attention towards chalcone derivatives is the direct consequence of their broad pharmacological applications.1 Chalcones are naturally occurring biologically potent compounds belonging to the flavonoid family (Figure 1). Apigenin (1), luteolin (2), chrysoeriol (3), and velutin (4) are some important examples of flavones (Figure 2). Synthetically, chalcones are synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt reaction of aromatic ketones and aromatic aldehydes …

Introduction Pyrazoles are five-membered heterocycles that establish a class of heterocyclic compounds especially valuable in organic synthesis. Pyrazoline is one of the imperative synthons in therapeutic science and has played a crucial role in the development of heterocyclic compounds. The chalcones are significant intermediates for the synthesis of various heterocyclic compounds including pyrazolines. Pyrazole frameworks have pulled in more consideration …

Introduction 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones (DHPMs) have developed as useful building blocks for designing new compounds with an expansive assortment of biological applications.1-3 They have gotten a lot of consideration because of the intriguing pharmacological properties related to this heterocyclic framework. DHPMs have been found to display an expansive scope of biological activities such as antitumor,4 antitubercular,5 antimalarial,6 antiviral,7 analgesic,8 antibacterial,9 anti-inflammatory,10 antifungal,10,11 …

Short Communication Increasing energy demand moving into the terawatt scale and increasing environmental concerns due to non-renewable sources of energy has caused great concern to humanity. Given the abundance of solar energy available, harnessing it efficiently to mitigate this problem has been propounded for over a decade now. While Si solar cells have reached a commercially viable efficiency, it is …

Short  Communication Phase-field (PF) method is a powerful technique to simulate different types of PTs. One of the main applications of this method can be found in PT in solid phases such as martensitic PT.1-8 Martensitic PT plays an important role for overall material response by altering nanostructure in such materials. Different shape memory alloys exhibit martensitic PTs and form …

The current revolution in Materials Science leading to vast advances in pre-existing and emerging technologies had significantly impacted all aspects of our modern life. The continuous efforts in searching for new functional and smart materials facilitated the design of miniaturized and more efficient devices, and led to great advancements in pharmaceutical, medicinal, agricultural,  energy related industries, and many more. Before …