Design, Fabrication and Development of House Hold Utensil Cleaning Machine

This work presents design and fabrication of efficient and economical ultrasonic utensil cleaning machine. Electrical energy is converted into Mechanical energy by transducer. Transducer vibrates with ultrasonic frequency supplied to it by the frequency producer. These vibrations produce cavitation bubbles in the solvent/water. The size of the bubbles is in micron range. The mass of the cavitation bubbles depend on the rate of recurrence of the transducer. These bubbles act as scrubber which scrub the surface of utensil thus removing the soils/dirt stick on it. The size of the bubble is so small it does not cause any damage to the surface of utensil. Higher the frequency, more homogeneous will be the cleaning. Rinsing is provided within the system which will make it more compact. To keep the contaminants away from the cleaned surface, sweep frequency is used. Rotation to the basket is given by the motor. This rotation helps to reduce the cycle time and also dry the surface of utensil by centrifugal action. So when the utensil is removed from the basket it is ready for use. By this technology cycle time will be reduced drastically. Without any human efforts it can clean the dirtiest stains from the oily utensils. All types of utensils can be cleaned whether it is ceramics, glass, copper, wood, aluminum, stainless steel, etc. This cleaning process is more hygienic and can clean more efficiently compared to conventional cleaning.


Introduction
Accurate and critical cleaning with the help of advance technique is now a day in industry as well as domestic are huge in demand to avoid situation like pandemic due to unwanted and unknown disorder. The rapid progression in various current advances and the reliable example in scaling down of parts have made a necessity for advanced tidiness levels. Contamination in the degree of monolayers can change surface properties like wettability, association, optical or electrical qualities. Particles in the degree follow poisons like non-unpredictable turns of events (NVR) in the degree of pictogram/ cm 2 and micrograms/cm 2 ionic in equivalent reach or hints of usage have become part of the bit by bit stresses in local similarly as industry like food, clinical, texture, material, etc. With the help of advance manufacturing engineers' components which have been used in significant enterprises like semiconductors, car, circle drive, optics, ophthalmic, glass, clinical, aviation, device coatings and drugs. For instance, while NVR has not been a vehicle industry issue as of in the relatively recent past, it has been earnest for the semiconductor and the plate drive organizations for a serious long time. Follow foreign substances are not satisfactory in businesses, as may cause bond disappointments in a multi-covering measure that follows cleanup. For clear reasons, totally clean area are an incredibly basic necessity in cleaning various products manufacturing as well as daily domestic and industrial use appliances.
base level at which no adversarial impacts happen in a subsequent action. To accomplish this level, it is fundamental not to introduce new contaminant(s) into the cleaning system. For example, if the cleaning of regular and ionic unfamiliar substances is refined by a fluid cycle, have great water and the legitimate boundaries in the flushing stages. The new contaminants will be other, residual chemicals or presumably ionic substances from the wash water. Because the dryness is moderate, deionized wash water can react on certain metal surfaces at high temperatures and leave unwanted stains or marks.
Following are the means which is utilized in Ultrasonic Cavitation measure

Ultrasonic Cavitation and Surface Cleaning System
Ultrasonic waves create and equally disseminate cavitation collapses in a fluid medium. The conveyed energies wander and enter significant into opening, surprise openings and regions that are far off. The clearing of poisons is reliable and uniform, paying little heed to the intricacy and the calculation of the substrates which is showed up in figure (a). Figure (b) portray the age cavitation through at any rate three stages nucleation, development and rough breakdown.

Ultrasonic Recurrence and Molecule Removal
Particle removal efficiency showed that the ability to eject micron and submicron particles in deionized water increased with increasing repeatability. At 65 kHz, the cleaning efficiency for one micron particle is 95% compared to 88% at 40 kHz. A similar expansion of the evaluation results was recorded for the 0.5 and 0.7 micron particles.

Aqueous and Semi Aqueous Ultrasonic
Cleaning figure (c) shows the cavitation age in fluid and semi watery; it is a more mind boggling marvel. Cleaning science, as a component of the general cleaning process, is a vital component in accomplishing the ideal neatness.

Mechanisms of Cleaning
Two primary advances happen in surface area cleaning. The underlying advance is unfamiliar substance expulsion and the second is keeping

Fig. 1 A Transverse type crack
In order to select a convincing cleaning strategy, the three key factors that are likely to influence the cleaning result are cleaning science, cleaning method and cycle limitation. To look subject at different mixes of accessible cleaning techniques and their viability, or need there-of is gigantic. Another and progressed cleaning technique with the utilization of ultrasonic offers a few benefits over other ordinary strategies. The investigation is in this exploration work predominantly on ultrasonic cavitation's and the ultrasonic cleaning instrument. Ultrasonic innovation is demonstrated to be an adaptable strategy for cleaning different natural, inorganic and molecule impurities from different metallic and non-metallic area surfaces. Ultrasonic, the sound you can't hear has arisen as a significant instrument in accomplishing the tidiness needed by today is steadily propelling innovation.

Ultrasonic Cavitation and Accuracy Cleaning
Accuracy or essential cleaning of sections is the completed departure of unwanted pollutions to an optimal pre-set level. The pre-set level is routinely the toxins by cleanser includes wetting of the pollutant just as the substrate. As indicated by Young's condition, this will bring about expanding the contact point between the toxin and the surface.

Redisposition of Contaminants
Pollutants is repressed by another instrument, by framing a obstacle between cleaned area surface and eliminated toxin.

Cavitation and Collapse
Cavitation "bubbles" are framed in spots of rarefaction when the fluid breaks or blasts because of the negative pressure component of the sound wave in the fluid. As the wave frontspass,thecavita tion"bubbles"oscillateundertheinfluenceofpositivep ressure,eventually developing to a precarious size. At long last, the vicious breakdown of the cavitation "bubbles" brings about collapses, which cause stun waves to be emanated from the sites of the breakdown. Decay and destruction of the ligament cavitations bubbles throughout the ultrasoundactivated fluid, resulting from an effect commonly associated with ultrasound. Cavitation bubble collapses have been determined to generate excess temperatures of 10,000 ° F and pressures in excess of 10,000 PSI

System Description
An acoustic pulse outside the range audible to human hearing is the point at which ultrasound begins and the frequency range is equal to or greater than 20 kHz. Ultrasonic cleaning indicates that it uses sound waves in the 18/20 kHz or higher range.

Constructions of Ultrasonic Cleaning machine
Ultrasonic waves are mechanical stress waves generated by ultrasonic transducers with high repeatability, high voltage current generated by electronic generators (energy generators). The average modern high power generator produces ultrasonic frequencies from 20 to 120 kHz.

Fig. 2: Complete setup of Ultrasonic Machine
Regular PZT transducers are ordinarily mounted on the base as well as the sides of the cleaning tanks or inundated in the fluid. The produced ultrasonic waves proliferate oppositely to the reverberating surface.
The waves associate with fluid media to produce cavitation collapses. Focused energy ultrasonic waves make microvapour in the fluid medium, which develop to greatest sizes corresponding to the useful ultrasonic recurrence and afterward collapse, delivering the air energies. The higher the recurrence, the more modest the cavitation size. The extreme focus ultra sonics can likewise develop pits to a greatest throughout a solitary cycle. At 20 kHz the air pocket size is roughly 170 microns in measurement. At a higher recurrence of 68 kHz, the complete time from nucleation to collapse is assessed to be about 25 kHz. At various frequencies, the base measure of energy needed to create ultrasonic cavities should be over the cavitation.

Constructions of Ultrasonic Cleaning Machine
Following are the major terms related to the ultrasonic Cleaning:

Time
A typical time for testing is two to ten minutes, since not many parts are adequately perfect inside a couple of moments.

Temperature and Chemistry
Commonly, ultrasonic cleaning area in a fluid arrangement is ideal at 1400F. Some high pH devices will require an increase in temperature to improve the synergistic effects of science. Load of the part to be cleaned should be thought of, as to shape and thickness. A huge thick mass won't permit inner surfaces to be completely cleaned (i.e., metal castings). A dependable guideline for stacking is that the heap by weight ought to be not exactly the heaviness of a large portion of the water volume. Sometimes, it is smarter to ultrasonically clean two more modest burdens, as opposed to one bigger burden. As the shape of utensil is generally circular in shape but for the simplicity and sound designed, utensil shape is assumed to be thin rectangle at the center of basket. Pressure acting at various points under static condition is expressed as follow:-

Proximity to the Transducer Part Apparatus Plan
The above formula can be only used when the fluid is at rest i.e. stationary. As the maximum resistance or torque is required to just before the rotational motion, so till than the above equation can be applied. This leads to case of hydrostatic problem. Therefore the force acting on the plate is given by The force acting oh half of the plate is Therefore the total force acting on the plate is F t = 2F = 2 × 20 = 40 N As we all know that the torque is the product of force and the perpendicular distance for the axis of rotation i.e.

T = F × r
For the safety of the design it is assumed to be at a distance of from the axis rotation Therefore the force on one side of the plate i.e. 140mm of the length of plate Therefore the total torque is the

Selection of Shaft from Catalogue
Material: -Stainless steel, grade 304 Grade 304/304L hardened steel (1.4301/1.4307) is the most generally utilized business grade of tempered steel and having magnificent erosion opposition at NRT. Therefore the shear stress is given as follow By using Tresca or Von Mises

Fig. 3: Basket and Utensil Diagram
We Know, Torsional formula diameter of shaft is d= 4.12mm

Calculation of Torque Acting on Basket
• CAD Model of Tank  Material used is structural steel. The results obtained are within the limit with maximum deformation of 0.086 mm at the hole in the shaft.

Experiment Result and Observation
Following table is the comparison between the existing machine and new designed machine   Weight of the designed machine is less as compared to existing.

Acknowledgement
We would like to extend our sincere thanks to everyone who assisted in preparing , editing and proofreading of the manuscript

Funding
The author(s) received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.